Knee pain caused by arthritis, cartilage loss, or joint degeneration can severely limit mobility and quality of life. When nonsurgical treatments such as injections, bracing, and physical therapy no longer provide relief, knee replacement surgery becomes a reliable and effective option. Depending on the pattern and severity of damage in the knee joint, your orthopedic surgeon may recommend either a total knee replacement or a partial knee replacement. Understanding the differences can help you make an informed decision about your care. At T&P Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, our surgeons specialize in both procedures and create individualized plans to restore comfort, strength, and long-term function.
What Is a Total Knee Replacement?
A total knee replacement, also known as total knee arthroplasty, replaces all three compartments of the knee. These compartments include the medial (inner), lateral (outer), and patellofemoral (front) compartments. During surgery, damaged cartilage and bone are removed and replaced with smooth, durable implants that mimic the movement of a healthy knee.
Best Candidates for Total Knee Replacement
• Patients with advanced osteoarthritis affecting multiple compartments
• Individuals with significant stiffness or deformity
• Patients whose pain limits daily activities such as standing, walking, or climbing stairs
• People who have not responded to conservative treatment
Total knee replacement offers the most comprehensive solution for widespread knee degeneration.
What Is a Partial Knee Replacement?
A partial knee replacement, sometimes called unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, replaces only the damaged section of the knee. If arthritis is isolated to a single compartment, the surgeon preserves the healthy bone, cartilage, and ligaments in the rest of the joint. This allows for a more targeted and less invasive procedure.
Best Candidates for Partial Knee Replacement
• Patients with arthritis limited to one compartment
• Individuals with good ligament stability
• Patients who maintain a healthy weight
• Those seeking a more natural-feeling knee after surgery
Because more of the natural joint is preserved, partial replacement can provide excellent function and a quicker recovery for properly selected patients.
Key Differences Between Total and Partial Knee Replacement
Amount of Joint Replaced
Total replacement resurfaces all three compartments, while partial replacement focuses on only one.
Surgical Approach
Partial knee replacement involves smaller incisions, less bone removal, and less disruption to surrounding tissues.
Recovery Timeline
Partial replacements often have a faster initial recovery and may result in less postoperative discomfort and swelling. Total replacements require more healing time but are more appropriate for widespread arthritis.
Long-Term Outcomes
Total knee replacement generally provides longer-lasting relief when arthritis affects the entire joint. Partial knee replacement can offer excellent durability if arthritis does not spread to other compartments.
Function and Feel
Partial knee replacements often feel more natural because the ligaments, including the ACL and PCL, are preserved. Total knee replacement relies more on implant mechanics to stabilize the joint.
Which Option Is Right for You?
Choosing between total and partial knee replacement depends on several factors:
• The pattern of arthritis on imaging
• Your age and activity level
• Ligament stability
• The presence of deformity such as bowing or knock-knees
• Your overall health and goals
Your orthopedic surgeon will perform a thorough examination, review imaging studies, and explain whether your arthritis is confined to one area or spread throughout the knee. This assessment helps determine which approach will provide the best long-term benefit.
Expert Knee Care at T&P Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
T&P Orthopedics and Sports Medicine provides advanced joint replacement techniques, personalized treatment plans, and comprehensive follow-up care. Whether you are a candidate for a total or partial knee replacement, our team is committed to restoring mobility, reducing pain, and helping you return to the activities you love.