Shoulder injuries are common in sports, physical labor, and accidents, but two of the most misunderstood conditions are a dislocated shoulder and a torn labrum. While both can cause pain, weakness, and limited mobility, they are very different injuries that require different treatment approaches. Understanding how they differ is key to getting the right diagnosis and care. At the practice of Steven C. Thomas, MD and Donald W Pennington, DO, our board-certified  surgeons specialize in orthopedic procedures in the Las Vegas area.

What Is a Dislocated Shoulder?

A dislocated shoulder occurs when the upper arm bone (humerus) pops out of the shoulder socket (glenoid). This can happen from a fall, sports injury, or direct blow. Shoulder dislocations can be:

• Anterior: The most common type, where the humerus moves forward out of the socket.

• Posterior: Less common, often from seizures or electric shock.

• Inferior: Rare, with the arm forced downward.

Symptoms of a Dislocated Shoulder:

• Intense pain

• Visible deformity of the shoulder

• Inability to move the arm

• Swelling and bruising

• Numbness or tingling in the arm or hand

What Is a Torn Labrum?

The labrum is a ring of cartilage that lines and stabilizes the shoulder socket. A torn labrum happens when this cartilage is damaged, often from repetitive motion, overuse, or trauma. Types include:

• SLAP Tear (Superior Labrum Anterior and Posterior): Common in throwing athletes.

• Bankart Tear: Often linked with shoulder dislocation.

• Posterior Labral Tear: Less common, often from backward force on the shoulder.

Symptoms of a Torn Labrum:

• Deep, aching pain in the shoulder

• Clicking, popping, or grinding sensation

• Weakness or instability

• Pain with overhead movements

Key Differences Between the Two

• Cause: Dislocations are usually from sudden trauma; labral tears can be from trauma or overuse.

• Symptoms: Dislocations cause immediate, severe pain and deformity; labral tears cause more subtle, chronic pain.

• Treatment: Dislocations require urgent repositioning of the joint; labral tears often need physical therapy or surgery for repair.

When One Can Cause the Other

A shoulder dislocation can cause a labral tear, especially a Bankart tear. In these cases, both issues need to be addressed to prevent recurrent instability.

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If you have shoulder pain or instability, an accurate diagnosis is essential for proper treatment. Contact our orthopedic team today to schedule a comprehensive evaluation.

Contact Surgeons Dr. Thomas and Dr. Pennington at the Knee and Shoulder Institute in Las Vegas, NV to Schedule an Appointment:

If you would like to schedule an appointment or learn more about the Knee and Shoulder Institute procedures & treatments,contact the office today click here.

Serving patients from and around greater Las Vegas, Lake Havasu, Bullhead City, Mesquite, Pahrump, Nevada

If shoulder pain keeps you awake at night, it could be more than just muscle strain—it may be a rotator cuff injury. The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and their tendons that stabilize the shoulder and allow for a wide range of motion. Injuries to this structure are common, especially with age or repetitive overhead activities, and can cause pain that worsens at night. At the practice of Steven C. Thomas, MD and Donald W Pennington, DO, our board-certified  surgeons specialize in orthopedic procedures in the Las Vegas area.

Why Rotator Cuff Injuries Hurt More at Night

Several factors make nighttime pain worse:

• Lying on the injured shoulder increases pressure on inflamed tendons.

• Blood flow changes during rest can increase swelling.

• Lack of movement overnight can cause stiffness.

Common Causes of Rotator Cuff Injuries

• Repetitive overhead motions (throwing, painting, swimming)

• Heavy lifting

• Falling onto an outstretched arm

• Degeneration of tendons with age

Symptoms of a Rotator Cuff Injury

• Pain when lifting or lowering the arm

• Weakness in the shoulder

• Difficulty reaching behind the back

• Clicking or popping sounds during movement

• Night pain that disrupts sleep

Treatment Options

Non-Surgical:

• Rest and avoiding aggravating activities

• Ice therapy to reduce inflammation

• Physical therapy to strengthen surrounding muscles

• Anti-inflammatory medications

• Corticosteroid injections for severe pain

Surgical:
If symptoms don’t improve with conservative treatment, surgical repair of the torn tendon may be needed. Arthroscopic surgery is common, using small incisions for faster recovery.

Prevention Tips

• Maintain good posture to reduce shoulder strain

• Warm up before physical activity

• Strengthen rotator cuff and upper back muscles

• Avoid repetitive overhead lifting without breaks

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Shoulder pain at night can signal a more serious injury like a rotator cuff tear. Our orthopedic specialists can diagnose the cause and create a treatment plan to relieve your pain and restore function. Contact us today to schedule your appointment.

Contact Surgeons Dr. Thomas and Dr. Pennington at the Knee and Shoulder Institute in Las Vegas, NV to Schedule an Appointment:

If you would like to schedule an appointment or learn more about the Knee and Shoulder Institute procedures & treatments,contact the office today click here.

Serving patients from and around greater Las Vegas, Lake Havasu, Bullhead City, Mesquite, Pahrump, Nevada

When knee pain begins to interfere with your daily activities, it’s natural to start exploring surgical options. Two common procedures—knee replacement and knee arthroscopy—address knee issues differently. Understanding the differences between them can help you and your orthopedic surgeon choose the best approach for your needs. At the practice of Steven C. Thomas, MD and Donald W Pennington, DO, our board-certified  surgeons specialize in orthopedic procedures in the Las Vegas area.

What Is Knee Replacement?

Knee replacement, also called knee arthroplasty, is a major surgical procedure that involves removing damaged cartilage and bone from the knee joint and replacing them with artificial components. This is typically recommended for severe arthritis or extensive joint damage that hasn’t responded to conservative treatments.

What Is Knee Arthroscopy?

Knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure in which a small camera (arthroscope) and specialized instruments are inserted through tiny incisions. Surgeons use this technique to diagnose and treat a variety of knee problems, including torn cartilage, loose bodies, and inflamed tissue.

Key Differences Between the Two Procedures

Invasiveness:

• Knee replacement is an open surgery with larger incisions and significant tissue alteration.

• Knee arthroscopy uses small incisions and causes minimal disruption to surrounding tissue.

Conditions Treated:

• Knee replacement: Severe osteoarthritis, extensive cartilage loss, advanced joint deformities.

• Knee arthroscopy: Meniscus tears, ligament injuries, cartilage damage, early arthritis.

Recovery Time:

• Knee replacement: 3–6 months for full recovery, with structured physical therapy.

• Knee arthroscopy: 2–6 weeks for most activities, though rehab may be longer for major repairs.

Durability of Results:

• Knee replacement: Long-lasting relief, typically 15–20 years.

• Knee arthroscopy: Relief depends on the underlying condition; may delay but not replace the need for joint replacement in some cases.

Which Procedure Is Right for You?

Factors influencing your choice include:

• Severity of joint damage

• Age and activity level

• Overall health

• Desired recovery timeline

Your orthopedic surgeon will evaluate imaging, physical exam results, and your goals to recommend the most appropriate treatment.

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If knee pain is affecting your quality of life, our orthopedic team can help you determine whether knee replacement or knee arthroscopy is the right solution. Contact us today to schedule your consultation.

Contact Surgeons Dr. Thomas and Dr. Pennington at the Knee and Shoulder Institute in Las Vegas, NV to Schedule an Appointment:

If you would like to schedule an appointment or learn more about the Knee and Shoulder Institute procedures & treatments,contact the office today click here.

Serving patients from and around greater Las Vegas, Lake Havasu, Bullhead City, Mesquite, Pahrump, Nevada

Knee replacement surgery can dramatically improve mobility, reduce pain, and restore quality of life. However, the recovery process requires commitment to rehabilitation and patience as your body heals. Knowing what to expect after surgery can help you prepare and set realistic expectations. At the practice of Steven C. Thomas, MD and Donald W Pennington, DO, our board-certified  surgeons specialize in orthopedic procedures in the Las Vegas area.

Immediate Post-Surgery Period

After your knee replacement, you’ll spend time in a recovery area before being moved to your hospital room. Most patients stay in the hospital for 1–3 days, depending on their progress. You’ll begin gentle movement and physical therapy within 24 hours of surgery.

Weeks 1–2: Early Recovery at Home

• Use of assistive devices such as a walker or crutches

• Swelling, stiffness, and mild to moderate pain are common

• Focus on wound care, ice therapy, and gentle exercises prescribed by your physical therapist

• Short, frequent walks around the house to promote circulation

Weeks 3–6: Regaining Mobility

• Increased strength and range of motion through structured physical therapy

• Gradual reduction in pain medication

• Transition from walker to cane as balance improves

• Ability to perform more daily activities independently

Weeks 7–12: Building Strength

• Continued improvement in mobility and stamina

• Ability to walk longer distances without assistance

• Participation in low-impact activities like swimming or cycling (with your surgeon’s approval)

3–6 Months: Return to Normal Activities

• Most patients can resume driving (if the right leg was operated on, typically by 4–6 weeks)

• Return to work depends on job demands—sedentary jobs may resume in 4–6 weeks, physically demanding work may require 3 months or more

• Ongoing exercises to maintain joint flexibility and muscle strength

Long-Term Recovery Tips

• Stay active but avoid high-impact sports that could damage your artificial joint

• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on your knee

• Follow your surgeon’s recommendations for follow-up visits and activity restrictions

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Knee replacement recovery is a journey, but with the right care and dedication, you can regain mobility and enjoy an active lifestyle again. Contact our orthopedic team today to learn more about the recovery process and how we can support you every step of the way.

Contact Surgeons Dr. Thomas and Dr. Pennington at the Knee and Shoulder Institute in Las Vegas, NV to Schedule an Appointment:

If you would like to schedule an appointment or learn more about the Knee and Shoulder Institute procedures & treatments,contact the office today click here.

Serving patients from and around greater Las Vegas, Lake Havasu, Bullhead City, Mesquite, Pahrump, Nevada

Shoulder impingement is a common cause of pain and limited mobility, especially for athletes, manual laborers, and individuals who perform repetitive overhead movements. This condition occurs when the tendons of the rotator cuff become pinched between the bones of the shoulder, leading to inflammation, irritation, and discomfort. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options can help you seek care early and avoid long-term damage. At the practice of Steven C. Thomas, MD and Donald W Pennington, DO, our board-certified  surgeons specialize in orthopedic procedures in the Las Vegas area.

What Is Shoulder Impingement?

The shoulder joint is made up of the humerus (upper arm bone), scapula (shoulder blade), and clavicle (collarbone). The rotator cuff tendons run through a small space between the acromion (part of the scapula) and the humeral head. When this space becomes narrowed, the tendons rub against the bone during movement—this is known as impingement.

Common Symptoms of Shoulder Impingement

• Pain when lifting the arm overhead or behind the back

• Discomfort that worsens at night, especially when lying on the affected shoulder

• Weakness in the shoulder or arm

• Limited range of motion

• A “catching” or “grinding” sensation during movement

If left untreated, impingement can lead to more serious conditions like rotator cuff tears or chronic shoulder instability.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Repetitive overhead activities (throwing, swimming, painting)

• Poor posture, which alters shoulder mechanics

• Bone spurs that narrow the shoulder space

• Previous shoulder injuries

• Age-related tendon degeneration

Diagnosis

A physician will evaluate your symptoms, review your medical history, and perform a physical exam. Imaging tests like X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound may be ordered to assess tendon health and rule out other issues.

Treatment Options for Shoulder Impingement

Non-Surgical Treatments:

• Rest and Activity Modification: Avoid overhead activities that trigger pain.

• Physical Therapy: Strengthening and stretching exercises to improve posture and shoulder mechanics.

• Anti-Inflammatory Medications: Reduce swelling and pain.

• Corticosteroid Injections: Provide temporary relief for inflammation.

Surgical Treatments:
If conservative care fails after several months, surgery may be recommended. Arthroscopic subacromial decompression removes bone spurs or reshapes the acromion to relieve tendon pressure.

Preventing Shoulder Impingement

• Maintain good posture

• Warm up before physical activity

• Avoid repetitive overhead lifting without breaks

• Strengthen rotator cuff and shoulder blade muscles

Contact Us

If you have ongoing shoulder pain or limited mobility, early treatment is key to preventing more serious injuries. Contact our office today to schedule an evaluation and discuss your treatment options.

Contact Surgeons Dr. Thomas and Dr. Pennington at the Knee and Shoulder Institute in Las Vegas, NV to Schedule an Appointment:

If you would like to schedule an appointment or learn more about the Knee and Shoulder Institute procedures & treatments,contact the office today click here.

Serving patients from and around greater Las Vegas, Lake Havasu, Bullhead City, Mesquite, Pahrump, Nevada

Shoulder arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat problems inside the shoulder joint. By using a small camera called an arthroscope, orthopedic surgeons can see the inside of the joint in great detail and perform necessary repairs without making large incisions. This advanced technique often results in less pain, faster recovery, and smaller scars compared to traditional open surgery. At the practice of Steven C. Thomas, MD and Donald W Pennington, DO, our board-certified  surgeons specialize in orthopedic procedures in the Las Vegas area.

Why Shoulder Arthroscopy Is Performed

Shoulder arthroscopy can be used for both diagnosis and treatment. Surgeons often recommend it when imaging tests such as X-rays or MRIs suggest a problem that needs surgical repair or direct examination. Common conditions treated with shoulder arthroscopy include:

• Rotator cuff tears

• Shoulder impingement syndrome

• Labral tears (SLAP or Bankart)

• Shoulder instability or recurrent dislocations

• Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis)

• Removal of loose bone or cartilage fragments

• Repair of damaged ligaments or tendons

Benefits of Shoulder Arthroscopy

• Minimally invasive: Smaller incisions mean less trauma to surrounding tissues.

• Faster recovery: Many patients return to daily activities sooner than with open surgery.

• Less scarring: Tiny incisions reduce visible marks.

• Versatility: Can be used to treat multiple shoulder problems in one procedure.

How the Procedure Works

Step 1: Anesthesia
The procedure is performed under regional nerve block, general anesthesia, or a combination of both.

Step 2: Small Incisions
Tiny incisions (about the size of a buttonhole) are made around the shoulder to insert the arthroscope and surgical instruments.

Step 3: Joint Inspection
The arthroscope transmits images to a monitor, allowing the surgeon to view the shoulder structures in real time.

Step 4: Surgical Repair
Depending on the findings, the surgeon may trim, repair, or remove damaged tissues; reattach torn tendons; or smooth bone surfaces to relieve impingement.

Step 5: Closure and Recovery
The incisions are closed with small stitches or adhesive strips, and a bandage is applied. Most patients go home the same day.

Recovery After Shoulder Arthroscopy

Recovery time depends on the extent of the repair:

• First few days: Expect mild swelling, soreness, and limited mobility; use ice and prescribed pain medication.

• First 2–6 weeks: Physical therapy begins to restore movement and prevent stiffness.

• 6–12 weeks: Gradual strengthening exercises are introduced.

• 3–6 months: Most patients regain full function, though complex repairs may take longer.

Potential Risks and Complications

While shoulder arthroscopy is generally safe, risks include:

• Infection

• Nerve injury

• Persistent stiffness or weakness

• Blood clots (rare)

• Need for additional surgery if the problem recurs

Who Is a Good Candidate for Shoulder Arthroscopy?

Ideal candidates are patients with shoulder pain, weakness, or instability that hasn’t improved with non-surgical treatments like rest, physical therapy, or medication. An orthopedic evaluation is necessary to determine if arthroscopy is the right option.

Contact Us

If shoulder pain is limiting your mobility or quality of life, our orthopedic specialists can help. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and find out if shoulder arthroscopy is the right treatment for you.

Contact Surgeons Dr. Thomas and Dr. Pennington at the Knee and Shoulder Institute in Las Vegas, NV to Schedule an Appointment:

If you would like to schedule an appointment or learn more about the Knee and Shoulder Institute procedures & treatments,contact the office today click here.

Serving patients from and around greater Las Vegas, Lake Havasu, Bullhead City, Mesquite, Pahrump, Nevada